Archive for the ‘MICHIGAN HISTORY(1618-1701)’ Category
MICHIGAN HISTORY
August 5th, 2010 | 
Author: Etienne Brulé passes through North Channel at the neck of Lake Huron; that same year (or during two following years) he lands at Sault Ste. Marie, probably the first European to look upon the Sault. The Michigan Native American population is approximately 15,000. Brulé returns, explores the Lake Superior coast, and notes copper deposits. Jean Nicolet passes through the Straits of Mackinac and travels along Lake Michigan’s northern shore, seeking a route to the Orient. Fathers Isaac Jogues and Charles Raymbault conduct religious services at the Sault. Father René Mesnard establishes the first regular mission, held throughout winter at Keweenaw Bay.
Father Jacques Marquette
Takes over the Sault mission and founds the first permanent settlement on Michigan soil at Sault Ste. Marie. Louis Jolliet is guided east by way of the Detroit River, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. Simon François, Sieur de St. Lusson, lands at the Sault, claims vast Great Lakes region, comprising most of western America, for Louis XIV. St. Ignace is founded when Father Marquette builds a mission chapel. First of the military outposts, Fort de Buade (later known as Fort Michilimackinac), is established at St. Ignace. Jolliet and Marquette travel down the Mississippi River. Father Marquette dies at Ludington.
The Griffon,
The first sailing vessel on the Great Lakes, is built by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, and lost in a storm on Lake Michigan. La Salle erects Fort Miami at the mouth of the St. Joseph River. La Salle, with a small group, marches across the Lower Peninsula, reaching the Detroit River in ten days, the first Europeans to penetrate this territory. Earliest known use of “Michigan” on a map. French build Fort St. Joseph at Port Huron. Father Claude Aveneau explores the upper reaches of the St. Joseph River; establishes mission on the present site of Niles. Antoine de la Mothe
Posted in MICHIGAN HISTORY(1618-1701) | 
Tags: Father Jacques Marquette, Griffon, keweenaw bay, Michigan | 
No Comments »
MICHIGAN HISTORY
Cadillac
Candillac is appointed commandant of the Michilimackinac (St. Ignace) post; remains until 1697. Fort St. Joseph is built at mission on the St. Joseph River (Niles). Detroit is founded as Fort Pontchartrain by Cadillac as a permanent settlement to protect
and secure the fur trade. Ste. Anne’s Church, a log structure, is erected by Cadillac’s men and dedicated two days after the founding of Detroit. Ste. Anne’s is the second oldest continuously maintained Roman Catholic parish in the United States.
In the fall, Madame Cadillac and Madam Tonty arrive at the fort as the first European women in the region. British-inspired Indian raids begin, including the siege of Fort Pontchartrain.
Fort Michilimackinac
Fort Michillimacknac is reestablished on the southern shore of the Straits of Mackinac. France and England begin the Seven Years’ War (also known as the French and Indian War). The French surrender to the English at Montreal; this marks the decline of French power in Michigan. British Major Robert Rogers receives the surrender of Detroit, after taking Great Lakes fortifications. About 2,000 people are within the stockade; warehouses found to contain furs worth $500,000. The British occupy Fort Michilimackinac. Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, plans a conspiracy against British; calls for a council near Detroit in the spring. The English take possession of the Sault. With the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, France loses North American mainland possessions. Pontiac and followers enter the fort at Detroit in an abortive effort to capture it from Major Henry Gladwin by surprise attack. Detroit
endures a siege of several weeks.
Pontiac
Pontiac signs a treaty with the British at Detroit, nearly a year after other tribes have made peace. Henry Hamilton takes command at Detroit. British conduct raids from Detroit into Kentucky. Construction begins on Fort Lernoult, Detroit.
Daniel Boone
Daniel boone brought to Detroit as a prisoner. Nearly 3,000 persons living in the Detroit area. Spanish forces from St. Louis take Fort St. Joseph (Niles); all residents are taken prisoner; the Spanish flag is raised. Raiders depart the next day and the fort reverts to British Possession. The British transfer garrison from Michilimackinac to a new fort on Mackinac Island. Moravians establish Indian mission near what is today Mount Clemens. The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Revolutionary War and including Michigan in the United States. The British control the Michigan area, however, for 13 more years. First ordinance passed by Congress governing the Northwest Territory. Congress passes first act relative to the disposal of western lands. Michigan appears for the first time on a map as a land division of the United States.
Posted in MICHIGAN HISTORY(1618-1701) |
Tags: Cadillac, Daniel Boone, Fort Michilimackinac, Pontiac |
No Comments »
MICHIGAN HISTORY
University of Michigania
John Jacob Astor establishes a trading post at Mackinac Island, centering his fur-trading activities there. Public land sales begin at Detroit; immigration from the East is under way. Michigan’s first Protestant church, the Methodist Episcopal, is erected along the banks of the River Rouge. Walk-in-the-Water, the first steamboat on the Upper Great Lakes, arrives at Detroit on its maiden voyage. William Woodbridge is elected as the first delegate to Congress from the Michigan Territory. With the Treaty of Saginaw, Governor Cass obtains for the United States about 6,000,000 acres of Michigan land, marking the beginning of the Indian exodus from the territory. The population of the territory is 8,096; Detroit, Mackinac, and Sault Ste. Marie are its largest towns. The Treaty at Sault Ste. Marie is negotiated by Cass; Indians cede a 16-square-mile tract on the St. Mary’s River for a fort site, but reserve fishing rights.
Tecumseh
The Michigan Territory’s population is 4,762 and includes 32 slaves, most of whom are Native Americans. A memorial to Congress stresses the defenseless position of Michigan and begs for military aid against the Indians. The United States declares war against England. Father Richard urges the population to support the American cause. Fort Mackinac falls to the British, who know of the declaration of war earlier than the frontier post. Hull surrenders Detroit to General Isaac Brock without firing a shot. Hull later is court-martialed. At the Battle of River Raisin at Monroe, the main body of Americans is forced to surrender and promised protection from Indian allies of British. The massacre of the River Raisin occurs. This proves to be a powerful factor in uniting American sentiment for expulsion of the British from the west. Commander Oliver Perry’s victory on Lake Erie and William Henry Harrison’s defeat of Proctor’s army in Canada (in which Tecumseh is slain) end hostilities on northwestern American border. Harrison, departing for Washington, leaves Colonel (later General) Lewis Cass as the military governor at Detroit. Cass continues, under presidential appointment, as the governor of the Michigan Territory for 18 years.
First capitol
Capital occupied in Detroit on May 5. State Library is established. State Historical Society organized (now Historical Society of Michigan). “Cabinet Counties” are established, named after members of President Jackson’s administration (Barry, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Eaton, Ingham, Jackson, and Van Buren). Michigan’s population is 31,639. Fur trade reaches its peak. Its subsequent decline leaves some regions without commercial activity. Michigan issues a railway charter to the Detroit & Pontiac Railway, the first incorporated railway in the limits of old Northwest Territory. General Lewis Cass, appointed secretary of war by President Jackson in July, resigns the governorship.
Posted in MICHIGAN HISTORY(1618-1701) |
Tags: capitol, Tecumseh, university of michigan |
No Comments »